The Library of the Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine

MEDICAL SOCIETY OF

LONDON

DEPOSIT

Accession Number

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Digitized by the Internet Archive

in 2016

https://archiNfe.org/details/b22005109

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observations

ON THE

INGREA S E and DECREASE

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DIFFERENT DISEASES,

AND PARTICULARLY OF THE PLAGUE.

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By WILLIAM HEBERDEN, Jun. M.D. F. R. S.

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LONDON:

Printed for T. PAYNE, at the Mews-Gate,

1801

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Prints I by L'.iks Hanfard,

Great 1'armtilc, Lincoln s-lnn i'iekls.

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A EVE R T I S E ME N T.

1 HE following Remarks were put together with the intention of fub joining them to a new edition of the Bills of Mortality . In fubmitting them feparately to the Public , the Author is in- fluenced by no vanity , or felf -conceit , no forwardnefs to broach new opinions , nor any wijh to Jupport a favourite fyflem. Ij he has fated any thing as fall , he has at leaf endeavoured to do it fairly ; or if he has hazarded any concluflons , he has at the fame time laid open the fources from which they were drawn. His object is to dire It the attention of the Ale die al world to a fubjeci which has hitherto been very much neglelied ; and which appears - to him capable of being employed to valuable purpofes.

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PREFACE.

People have fallen into two oppofite errors concerning the Bills of Mortality. Some have confide red their authority as too vague to be made the foundation of any certain conclu- fions ; and others have built upon this foundation, without fufficiently confidering it’s real defefts. Both parties are equally in the wrong.

The agreement of the Bills with each other, does alone carry with it a ftrong proof, that the numbers under the feveral articles are by no means fet down at random ; but \ from the uniform operation of fome perma- nent caufe. While the gradual changes they exhibit in par- ticular difeafes, correfpond to the alterations which in time are known to take place in the channels through which the great ffcream of mortality is conftantly flowing.

That there are, however, many and very great imperfec- tions in the Bills of Mortality, cannot be doubted. For, flrfl:, the bn ths include only thole who are baptized according to the rites and ufage of the Church of England. By which

means

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means all Jews, Quakers, Papifls, and the very numerous body of Diffenters, are omitted. And though home among the poorer fort both of Papifls, and DifTenters, who live at a diflance from their refpedlive burial-grounds, and cannot bear the expence of being carried thither, are buried according to the rites of the Effablifhed Church, and confequently have a place in the regifler ; yet the numbers fo accounted for, muff be very few compared with the deficiencies.

Secondly : Of thofe who are of the Church of England, a very large proportion are either buried in the country, or in burial grounds adjacent to London, but without the Bills. The burials alfo in St. Paul’s Cathedral, in Weflminfler Abbey, the Temple, the Rolls, Lincoln’s Inn, St. Peter’s in the Tower, the Charterhoufe, the feveral Hofpitals of the metropolis, and other places which are not parochial ceme- teries, are for that reafon omitted. Befides which, the great parifhes of Marybone, and Pancras, have never yet had a place in the Bills of Mortality. In the former of thefe alone, the burials, on an average of five years, from 1795 to 1799 in- clufive, amounted annually to 1,550 (a).

Thirdly : Many abortives and flill-born, making together above 700 in the year, are noticed in the deaths, but not in the births.

Fourthly,

' (a) Mr. Pennant, in his Account of London, fays, it is the opinion of Mr. Richardfon, who has ferved the parifh offices, that there are nearly as many buried from London, at different burial grounds, without, as within the limits of the Bills of Mortality.

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Fourthly: The miftakes*and mifreprefentations, to which the particular difeafes are liable, are too obvious to be infifted upon. Yet it deferves to be repeated, that even in thele fmaller divihons of the fubjedt, the correfpondence of one year, and of one week, with another, is fuch, as mud: con- vince every attentive obferver, that a confiderable degree of credit is due to their report.

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ERRATUM:

Page 9£. Note (p) for page 66s read page 31-.

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TABLE I.

OF the ANNUAL CHRISTENINGS and BURIALS in LONDON for each Year of the Eighteenth Century Together with the Proportion out of every Thouland, who have died by Bowel Complaints, Small Pox, Pally, Me.aflesr> or Childbirth. — From the Bills of Mortality;,

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TABLE I.

Years - -	1701	1702	1705	1704	1705	1706	I7°7	■ 1708	1709	1710	Average
Christened	55616	15687	15448	15895 16145	•5369	16066	15862	15220	14928	15623
Buried - -	2047 1	1948 1	20720	22684	22097	19847	21600	2129 1	21800	2462c	21461
Flux - -]
Colic - - > Gripes - - j	60.8	67	53	56 '	52.6	50.4	45-9	41. 1	42.4	32>9	C0.2
Small Pox - Apoplexy	53-1	15.9	43-3	66. 1	49*7	36	49.9	79.2	46.6	1 26.7	56.6
Pally - - > Suddenly - J	8	6.9	7.6	6.4	7-i	7.8	7.2	8	7-4	6.6	7-3
Meafles - Childbed - 7 Mifcarriage j	0.2	1.4	2.4	°*5	14.5	18	i-7	5-9	4	7-3	5-5
10.9	1 1.4	IO.5	1 1.7	*3	1 1.9	1 1 .9	1 1*5	9.8	8.8	1 1. 1

Years -	-	17 1 1	I7I2	1713	i7>4	1715	* * 1716	I7I7	17 18	1719'	1 1 7 20 1	Average
Christened		14706	I 5660	15927	1 749 5	*7234	17421	1S475	18307	US4I3	17479:	17 1 1 1
Buried - -		19S33	2II98	21057	26569	22232	24436	23446	26523	28347	25454	23909
Flux - - ' Colic -		35.7	32.5	33-8	30.2	32*3	33-9	35-8	3£«	39-5	38-3	35-2
Gripes - Small Pox -	i	45-7	92.5	76.8	106	48	99-4	94.4	71	1 1 4. 1	56.7	8O.4
Apoplexy - ' Pally - -		9	7*4	9-3	7-5	8.4	7-5	10.2 V->	8.5	8.5	9.9	8.6
Suddenly - J Meafles -		4-8	3-6	2.9	5-2	i-3	1 1	T*5	I8.5	8.5	8.3	6.5
Childbed - } Mifcarriage ]		9.8	9.8	8.4	1 1.6	12.5	9.4	10.3	9.9	10.3	10.2	' 10.2

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TABLE I. — continued.

Years - -	1721	1722	1723	1724	1725	1726	1727	1728	*729	1730	Average
Christened	! S37O	^339	1 92°3	1937c	18859	1880S	i3252	16652	17060	17118	18203
Buried - -	26 142	2 575°	29 1 97	25952	25523	29647	28418	27810	29722	26761	27452
Flux - - 1 Colic - - i	32.6	3 2.2	36-3	34-i	26.4	25.4	^4*3	20.2	J9-3	1 8.5	25.9
Gripes - -J Small Pox -	9I*3	■ 84-3	T I 2 .8	47.2	125	53	837	75-2	95-9	7 1.6	: 84
Apoplexy - j Pally - ' - S	9.6	8.6	8.2	9.6	' 8-7	8	8	7.2	7*4	10	8-5
Suddenly - J Meafles - -	9*1	4.4	7-9	4.5	2* 7	8.6	2*5	3	« i*3	1 1.6	5.6
Childbed - 7 Mifcarriage j	1 1*5	I 1.4	10	9-5	10.4	8-3	7-9	7-7	8.4	10 ,	9-5

Years -		I73i	1 732	1733	1734	1735	1736	1737	1738	1739	1740	A rerage
Christened		17830	17788	1/465	17630	16873	16491	16760	1606c	1 6 1 8 1	I523I1	16830
Buried - - Flux - - "		25262	*335 8	29233	•26062	23338	27581	27823	25825	25432	30S 1 11	26492
Colic - - \| Gripes - - J	>	*5-7	I5.9	TOO 1 • -w	14.9	14.7	14-3	13	1 1.9	11.7	10.3	13-4
Small Fox - Apoplexy - '		105.6	51*3	47.2	103.4	67.8	109.6	74*4	6 I. T	66.5	85.2	77*1
Pally - - Suddenly - _		1 1	I I.4	9.0	8.4	10	9.1	9-9	8.9	9	8.8	9-5‘
Meafles - Childbed - \| Mifcarriage j	4.1	i*3	20.8	°*7	0.4	6.1	4-5	8.3	1 2.8	1.4	7*°
10.3	9 5	10.3	10.5	^•3	'7*4	10. 1	10	1 0.3 sJ	7-5 1	9.4

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TABLE I. — continued.

Years - -	1741	1742	*743	1744	1745	1746	'747	1748	1749	1750	Average
Christened	14957	375	I5°S°	14261	1 1407814577	14942	*4153	14260	M548	14458
Buried - -	32169		25200	20606	21296	2815-	15494	23869	25516	23727	15351
Flux - - 1 Colic - - [	9.6	5-7	6.6	4-7	8.7	6.4	7.6	7	7-5	7-4	7.1
Gripes - - j						9
Small Pox -	61.7	52.1	8 1. 1	70.2	'57-4	1 1 5-5	54-3	74.6	102.9	5 1.8	72
Apoplexy - ) Pally - - [	3.6	10.5	1 1	1 2.4	12	1 1.2	9.6	12.6	12.7	14	1 1.4
Suddenly - j Meades - -	L3	35-8	0.7	0.2	0.6	8.9	2.1 c/	0.4	4.1	*3-5	6.8
Childbed - } Mifcarriage 5	8oi	7-5	7-i	9	9*4	6.8 - — * —	8.3	8-5	7-3	9*7	8.1

Years -		1751	1752	'753	T754	i7 55	l 1756	1757	00 i-- <— *	1 7 5 9	1760	Average
Christened		14691	15308	15444	'4947	1 5209	1483°	14053	14209	14 253	14951	14789
Buried - -		21028	20485	I9276	22696	21917	20872	21313	1 7 5 7	1 9604	19830	20460
Flux - - ' Colic - -		6.6	6.6	7*3	6	4-3	4	3*5	3*5	4-3	2.7	4.8
Gripes - Small Pox -		47-5	I73*4	40.7	104.3	90.4	77-3	T54-7	72.7	i32-4	io4-5	IO2.7
Apoplexy - " Pally - -	•	*3-5	12.6	15.6	13.6	12	15	12.2	'4-7	1 1*7	14.4	05
Suddenly - % Meades -		1	5*4	J3*3	0.5	19.2	7*5	,i.i	39-7	16.6	8.8	n.5
Childbed - ] Mifcarriage j		8.4	7-9	9*1	9.6	9*5	8.6	8.4	10.6	10.3 ;	12	9*4

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TABLE I. — continued .

Years - -	1761	17 62	1763	7764	1765	1766	1767	O'! CO	1769	1770	Average
Christened	16000	1 5351	1 5 1 33	1680 1	'6374	16257	1598c	16042	16714	17109	16176
Buried - -	2 1063	26326	26143	23202	23230	239H	22612	23639	21847	22434	23441
Flux - - 1 Colic - - >	4	7-9	3-4	3*4	2.8	2.8	3-2	4.1	3	3-5	3-3
Gripes - - J Small Pox -	72.6	105.2	137-7	103.4	108.6	97.2	96.8	128.3	89.4	88.6	102.7
Apoplexy - 1 Pally - - [	T5*7	13.6	1 1.4	12.6	1 1.4	1 2.9	14	9-7	12	13	12.6
Suddenly - J Meafles - -	19	4.6	23-4	2.8	23	20	3*5	17*3	4	14-5	1 1. 1
Childed - 7 Mifcarriage 3	14	10.6	9.9	10.2	10.8	8.5	7.8	9	8.6	12.2	1 1. 1

Years -	-	1771	T772	t 77 3	1774	!775	1776	I777	1778	1779	178c	Average
Christened		17072	17916	16805	16998	17629	17280	I83OO	17300	16769	16634	17170
Buried - -		21780	26053	21656	20884	20514	19048	23334	20399	20420	2°5!7	21460
Flux - Colic -		2-5	n *7 /	2.7	3-8	4	2.9	2.1	2.9	4.2	4‘5	3-2
Gripes - Small Pox -	l	76.5	l53-5	48.1	1 19. 1	I3°*2	90.9	I IO. I	70.2	122.2	42.5	96-3
Apoplexy - " Pally - - \|		13-4	12.4	i3-i	*3-5	13.6	16.8	I4.I	14.8	12.6	16.8	14. I
Suddenly - J Meades -		5-3	8.1	9.2	5.8	13.8	8	6.2	I 9.I	4.8	13.2	9>3
Childbed - ’ Mifcarriage '	»	8.2	7*5	9	9>9	9*3	10.2	9.6	8.6	IO.4	9-3	9.2

TABLE I. — continued.

Years -	-	1781	1782	1783	1784	1785	1786	1787	1788	1789	1790	Average
Christened	17026	17 IOI	17091	17179	I79I9	18119	17508	1 95 5 9	18163	1898c	17862
Buried - -	20709	17 9 1 8	19029	17828	189I9	20454	•9349	19697	20749	18038	19269
Flux - - }
Colic - - >	4-5	2.4	3*4	1	1.6	ImS	°*7	i-5	i-3	0.6	1.8
Gripes - - J							\
Small Pox -	169.5	35-5	8 1.6	97-7	I05-3	60.5	1 26	55-8	IOI. I	89.8	I 92.2
Apoplexy - '						16.5
Pally - Suddenly - .	»	13*4	19.5	15.4	15.2 * 1.6	15	12.8	I 4. 8	J4>4	*5-5	15.2

Mealies - -	9-7	9*4	9-7	1	39-5	4.6	2.8	26	6.6	1 r
Childbed -7 Mi (carriage j	TO. I	7*7	7.6	7.6	8.8	10	XI*3	10	8.5	8-3	9

Years -	-	1791	1792	1 7 93	*794	1 795	1796	1797	1798	1 79 9	1800 ;	Average O
Christened		1 8496	19348	19108	13689	18361	p— 1 CO CO CA	18645	17927	0 o\ CO	19176'	18754
Buried - -		r 8760	20213	21749	1 9241	21179	19288	17014	■8155	18134	23068	19680
Flux - - ' Colic - -	>	0.8	0.5	1. 1	0.9	0.9	I. I	0.9	1.4	O.7	I	0.9
Gripes - - . Small Pox -		94-5	78.4	I09-7	100.7	49-5	>— 1 OO Co vb	3°- 7	128.7	61.3	104.7	94.2
Apoplexy - " Tally - -		x5	*5	16.2	14,7	14.2	15.4	I 8.4	17.1	I9.5	16.^ '-'l	16.2
Suddenly Mealies - -		6.6	22.5	1 1.4	9	15.6	*5-9	x3	10.8	12-3	17.2	x3-4
Childbed - * Mifcarriage '	1	8.5	10	8.7	9-5	7	10.5	12.2	8	7-4	7-3 1	8.9

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TABLE II.

OF Ten different Articles extracted from the London Weekly

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Bills of Mortality, fhewing their Variations every Week for Ten Years.

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TABLE II.

Weekly Bills of .Mortality. i 76 j.	Whole Number buried.	Under two years.	Above fixty years.	Apoplexy, Palfy, Suddenly.	Childbed and Mifcar- riage.	Confump- tions.	Fever.	Colic, Flux, Gripes, Loofenefs.	Meafles.	Small Pox.
4 Jan. -	-	641	T97	93	I I	2	1 T3	73	9	O	106
1 1 Jan. -	-	565	162	84	6	3	104	55	5	O	I08
.18 Jan. -	-	583	I46	86	1 1	8	1 18	61	1	O	IO7
•25 Jan. -	-	621	14 9	io5	5	13	103	62	3	2	1 *3
3 Feb. -	-	6S7	2l6	128	14	10	129	59	2	3	1 25
8 Feb. -	-	6 1 2	T52	120	5	8	106	76	4	1	84
1 5 Feb. -	-	520	146	86	4	6	93	43	2	3	96
22 Feb. -	-	551	.58	86	6	5	108	69	3	1	79
1 Mar. -	-	469	126	6j	6	5	108	54	1	2	67
8 Mar. -	-	5i3	i53	86	3	7	103	64	0	0	6S
35 Mar. -	-	404	98	7 6	3	0	93	29	1	2	5 1
22 Mar. -	-	55 2	157	87	3	3	114	75	2	1	73
29 Mar. -	-	443	T35	59	4	3	ic6	53	3	2	5 2
5 Apr. -	-	448	I31	79	6	6	85	62	1	2	57
12 Apr. - L	-	484	147	78	5	4	108	63	0	3	57
1 9 Apr. -	-	477	141	68	6	7	8S	49	0	8	61
26 Apr. -	-	5 °5	140	76	5	6	io5	33	0	7	54
3 May -	-	46 1	J35	70	3	9	101	36	0	7	61
10 May -	-	567	JS9		9	1 2	105	68	0	12	77
17 May -	-	484	i55.	60	6	3	81	70	0	*5	5 2
24 May -	-	452	152	70	5	2	88	54	2	14	49
3 1 May -	-	537	179	72	7	10	118	43	1	1 5	67
7 June -	-	524	174	70	7	7	87	69	1	23	64
14 June -	-	537	167	75	6	2	90	64	0	3i	62
21 June -	-	4 66	142	53	6	3	33	72	0	36	57
28 June -		552	*59	74	2	4 •	104	7i	1	34 1	83

TABLE II. — continued .

Weekly Bills of Mortality. i?63-	Whole 'lumber buried.	Under two Years.	Above fixty Y ears.	Apoplexy, Palfy, Suddenly.	Childbed and Mifcar- ri age.	Confump- tion. 0	Fever.	Colic, Flux, Gripes, Loofenels.	Meafles.	Small Pox.
5 July - -	533	l6 I	60	5	i r	96	82	O	34	69
12 July - -	50	163	64	1 1	7	76	60	I	36	80
19 July - -	506	l7S	56	4	2	90	66	3	5 1	78
2 6 July - -	486	1 92	46	’3	5	78	62	3	20	87
2 Aug. - -	4 36	1 57	43	6	2	62	55	1	33	86
9 Aug. - -	460	192	47	5	2	65	62	3	26	69
16 Aug. - -	462	1 60	46	6	7	74	63	3	27	73
23 Aug. - -	Or* cc	146	72	1	4	i°5	75	1	15	66
30 Aug. - -	418	163	24	3"	0 Jim	65	57	2	21	47
6 Sept. - -	478	174	69	5	I	74	67	2	16	59
13 Sept. - -	477	162 1	49	2	4	80	73	2	18	46
20 Sept. - -	5l6	185	60	6	4	90	73	6	14	5 1
27 Sept. - -	565	212	55	3	6	i°5	84	2	20	69
4 Oft. - -	485	i74	68	6	4	83	64	5	*3	5°
11 061. - -	404	138	55	3	0	77	55	1	7	46
18 oa. - -	473	i53	69	6	2	97	77	4	4	47
25 oa. - -	498	168 \	80	*5	2	81	75	1	5	65
1 Nov. - -	384	122	55	0 O	6	79	55	2	4	45
8 Nqv. - -	478	136	67	9	4	92	75	2	4	56
15 Nov. - -	362	I I 2	49	3	6	72	67	2 '	7	4*
22 Nov. - -	498	167	70	8	4	9*	77	1	6	62
29 Nov. - -		172	78	8	4	91	77	1	6	57
6 Dec. - -	564	169	87	3	2	1 26	90	2	5	54
13 Dec. - -	480	I 63	58	9	4	no	8s	1	1	38
20 Dec. ~ -	00	l6o	66	6	2	93	83	0	3	53
27 Dec. - -	380	1 25	4i	2	5 ,	77	59	1	4	37

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T ABLE IT. — continued.

Weekly Bills of Mortality. I.764.	Whole Number buried.	Under two Years.	Above lixty Years.	Apoplexy, Palfy, Suddenly.	Childbed and Mifcar- riage.	Confuta- tion.	Fever.	Colic, Flux, Gripes, Loofenefs.	Mealies.	Small Pox.
3 Jan.	- -	5S5	207	76	8	7	I l6	84	4	4	44
10 Jan.	- -	462	T53	7 1	6	8	89	63	2	3	44
17 Jan.	- -	499	176	69	7	4	97	78	2	0	37
24 Jan.	- -	505	160	90	7	7	Ic5	81	2	n M	4i
31 Jan.	—	466	142	62	4	7	95	86	2	I	26
7 Feb.	- -		149	68	4	4	1 10	63	1	2	3i
14 Feb.	- -	504	162	84	5	8	103	79	3	4	28
21 Feb.	- -	491	*59	86	5	6	99	82	2	0	33
28 Feb.	- -	447	130	70	10	6	86	70	3	n	27
6 Mar.	- -	4 66	ij1	84	6	3	102	74	1	2	37
13 Mar.	- -	5i9	!58	99	3	2	94	80	1	1	41
20 Mar.	- -	481	137	90	5	4	91	88	0 j	1	27
27 Mar.	- -	463	14 7	83	6	4	99	72	n	1	29
3 Apr-	- -	455	1 31	82	4	4	103	84	0	2	2 4
10 Apr.	- -	402	109	59	6	1	93	76	0	2	22
17 Apr.	- -	433	143	57	9	10	100	63	0	1	29
24 Apr.	- -	405	1 29	60	3	2	89	62	1	0	33
1 May	- -	405	J3 1	57	1 1	4	7 6	62	3	0	37
8 May	- -	435	130	61	7	4	92	56	0	0	47
15 May	- -	420	1 29	67	7	5 .	87	69	0	4	30
22 May	- -	381	126	51	3	1	76	52	1	0	32
29 May	- -	409	120	51	3	n	80	69	5	2	39
5 J,jne	- -	42 I	138	47	1	5	93	58	3	1	39
12 June	- -	415	132	7J	6	5	83	72	1	2	44
19 June	- -	407	*35	49	6	6	79	62	5	1	55
26 June	— —	39s	1 26	52	4	3	- 60	70	0	1	44

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( 11 )

TABLE II. — continued .

Weekly Bills of Mortality. 1764.	Whole Number buried.	Under two Years.	Above fixty Years.	Apoplexy, Palfy, Suddenly.	Childbed and Mifcar- riage.	Con lump - tion.	Fever.	Colic, Flux, Gripes, Loofenefs.	Mealies.	Small Pox.
3 Jub - -	402	119	5 1	2	2	76	70	n X	2	55
10 July - -	409	124	45	3	7	82	60	2	2	63
17 July - -	367	135	5°	6	3	68	6 1	0	O	42
24 July - -	404	172	40	.* 5	6	77	68	2	O	54
31 July - -	328	I 36	S2	6	8	63	57	2	I	56
7 Aug. - -	395	153	41	7	3	68	60	3	O	48
14 Aug. - -	33s	122	49	1	2	45	69	1	2	42
21 Aug. - -	388	I51	48	7	3	55	73	1	O	44
23 Aug. - -	475	I 80	40	4	3	7?	95	0	O	62
4 Sept. - - •	457	189	49	7	5	6i	86	2	O	56
1 1 Sept. - -	484	I9O	65	4	5	76	82	2	I	52
18 Sept. - -	486	215	56	7	1	86	80	3	2	63
c. 5 Sept. —	468	I9I	59	2	5	80	86	4	I	36
2 Oft. - -	477	171	67	5	4	*5	88	2	O	52
9oa. - -	39°	154	53	1	1	63	63	O	O	5°
1 6 06t. —	466	163	5°	0 **	6	83	81	3	2	57
2 3 ~ ~	451	J56	5i	6	2	S7	89	1	0	64
30 061. —	440	*35	57	9	4	89	63	2	2	69
6 Nov. - -	405	127	5°	6	5	84	66	1	2	58
13 Nov. - -	538	i53	80	14	10	88	106	0	I	88
20 Nov. - -	394	134	43	6	8	73	80	1	O	46
27 Nov. - -	523	i45	74	8	7	106	98	0	I	66
4 Dec. - -	5°3	136	77	8	1	95	93	1	O	69
11 Dec. —	53i	147	7(3	\ 9	5	95	92	0	O	S3
18 Dec. - -	474	i47	82	8	2	73	93	1	5	59
25 Dec. - -	374	91	56	4	2	71	62	0	0	48

C i

( 12 )

TABLE II. — continued.

Weekly Bills of Mortality. i 7 6 5-	Whole Number buried.	Under two Years.	Above fixty Years.	Apoplexy. Pally, Suddenly.	Childbed and Milcar- riage.	Confump- tion.	Fever.	Colic, Fiux, . Gripes, Loofenefs.	Meades.	Small Pox.
I Jan. - -		150	74	IO	7	91	92	3	O	72
8 Jan. - -	5i7	1 5 1	89	8	3	109	8j	0	O	60
15 Jan. - -	435	1 57	72	5	5	96	76	2	3	48
12 Jan. - -	4S2	142	73	6	1	91	89	0	0	70
29 Jan. - -	423	1 13	65	3	1	75	71	1	0	55
5 Ftb. - -	435	H7	7i	3	3	85	63	0	1	5°
12 Feb. - -	527	*59	93	' 5	6	100	92	0	2	43
!9 Feb. - -	S32	174	91	8	6	84	98	1	0	51
26 Feb. - -	655	r 96	10 3	7	9	1 14	106	i	5	58
5 Mir. - -	53*	178	96	8	3	1 20	94	1	0	48
1 2 Mar. - -	496	202	78	5	5	1 18	81	0	0	44
19 Mar. - -	558	157	96	2	8	100	88	0	1	59
26 Mar. - -	534	i5s	86	12	7	107	96	1	0	39
•2 Apr. - -	43 2	1 1 2	78	7	9	81	62	0	1	42
9 Apr. - -	373	126	5i	3	7	67	53	1	* 1	27
16 Apr. - -	44°	89	65	5	1	92	83	2	0	29
•23 Apr. - -	409	1 29	64	3	6	82	76	0	1	JJ
3° Apr. - -	421	132	75	8	5	69	83	0	0	34
7 May - -	3«9	127	55	0	3	85	7i	1	1	18
14 May - -	3 22	1 1 8	35	3	5	56	55	1	0	24
21 May - -	409	157	62	3	4	74	61	0	2	31
28 May - -	398	1 1 8	57	3	3	80	8 2	0	1	25
4 June - -	322	107	46	1	3	69	56	1	1	26
1 1 June - -	41 2	139	59	1 1	3	86	70	0	1	24
18 June - -	357	130	5 1	4	5	63	59	0	0	39
25 June -	4i7	141	68	4	5	' 85	72	1	0	38

k

Weekly Bills of

Mortality.

i 7 6 5-

2 J uly - -

9 July - -

16 July - -

2 3 July - -

3° Ju'y - -

6 Aug. - - 13 Aug. - - 20 Aug. - - 27 Aug. - -

3 Sept. - -

10 Sept. - -

17 Sept. - -

24 Sept. - - 1 061. - -

soa.*- -

15 Oft. - - 22 061. - - 29 Oct. - - 5 Nov. - - 12 Nov. - - 1 9 Nov. - - 26 Nov. - - 3 Dec. - - 10 Dec. - - 17 Dec. - - 24 Dec. - - 31 Dec. - -

( '3 )

TABLE II .— continued .

Whole	Under	Above	Apoplexy,	Childbed	Contump- tion.		Colic, Flux,
Number	two	fixty	Pally,	and Mifcar -	Fever.	Gripe*,	Meades.	SmallPox.
buried.	Years.	Years.	Suddenly.		Loofcnefs.
			riage.
322	12 5	48	5	6 1	52	48	O	2	4O
39°	125	5°	7	5	88	62	I	O	31
3*5	126	38	3	2	62	48	I	2	35
377	134	56	5	5	67	56	2	O	44
352	144	32	4	6	57	62	I	3	47
357	139	43	4	1	54	67	I	3	43
364	x54	54	5	8	44	80	5	1	5°
331	162	43	7	1	42	75	2	1	5 1
4S7	198	68	7	10	65	87	3	1	67
45' 1	09	5°	3	10	63	72	1	0	70
479	232	45	8	6	68	' 53	4	0	68
478	215	60	3	2	84	66	2	0	52
464	232	52	5	4	69	63	3	2	47
49s	216	57	7	9	82	80	4	2	47
5°7	230	53	2	5	75	64	5	1	70
48O	202	43	1	6	86	73	4	1	72
469	184	6 1	2	3	76	78	2	2	56
428	139	55	4	4	96	74	0	0	6S
45°	152	69	10	3	74	72	0	2	46
478	*57	7?	5	3	81	86	2	1	47
	148	90	9	6	9l	82	1	1	66
On O O	188	69	6	2	88	80	2	0	59
5*3	04	7i	9	9	103	70	0	0	57
564	171	8b	5	7	106	8S	0	3	73
5l6	i54	75	7	2	102	74	0	1	68
On 0 0	148	87	- 12	3	101	77	1	1	54
577	169	i*5	9	1 1	1 12	77	2	- 2	5°

( H )

TABLE II. — continued .

Weekly Bills of Mortality. 17 6 6.	Whole N umber buried.	Under two Years.	Above fixty Years.	Apoplexy, Pally, Suddenly.	Childbed and Mifcar- liage.	Confump- tion.	Fever.	Colic, Flux, Gripes, Loolenel's.	Mealies.	Small Pox.
7 J:in> -	-	546	l86	Ill	8	7	IO9	79	I	3	64
14 Jan. -	-	520	184	79	7	5	102	72	2	1	50
21 Jan. -	-	560	158	97	1 2	5	I05	75	I	0	60
28 Jan. -	-	598	l66	127	7	4	1 1 8	79	, 2	1	67
4 Feb. -	-	53°	I 36	103	9	O	102	90	O	1	58
1 1 Feb. -	-	560	188	88	10	7	1 10	78	I	1	5^
18 Feb. -		£ 2 2	I7s	93	9	7	103	65	I	3	5*
25 Feb. -	-	5*4	I5I	93	7	1	83	93	I	4	56
4 Mar. -	-	47 1	1 56	75	5	3	101	61	I	8	45
1 1 Mar. -	-	473	139	81	3	3	1 12	68	I	7	49
18 Mar. -	-	495	1 67	80	6	4	95	80	1	5	54
25 Mar. -	-	5 10	*59	66	3	5	103	82	O	1 1	62
i Apr. -	-	485	148	7i	5	8	94	63	O	12	54
8 Apr. -	-	589	176	i°3	6 ( ,	9	126	84	O	1 1	67
1 5 Apr. -	-	49 1	187	57	6	4	90	85	I	13	59
22 Apr. -	-	480	t58	74	8	4	88	60	2	14	69
29 Apr. -	-	43i	149	66	8	1	77	63	I	9	56
6 May . -	-	439	1*27	68	4	3	95	73	O	4	51
13 May -	-	401	135	55	2	1	75	74	I	15	44
20 May -	-	528	180	78	7	5	106	95	4	16	5i
27 May -	-	428	136	62	6	6	83	69	0	16	38
3 June -	-	453	«J8	69	5	2	83	64	1	24	53
10 June -	-	449	142	59	3	5	83	79	0	25	56
17 June -	-	393	x55	40	1	5	78	47	0	24	39
24 June -	-	36 3	1 36	47	3	6	69	49	2	15	45
1 July -	-	433	136	63	J3	7	84	64	0	13	53

( G )

TABLE II. — continued.

Weekly Bills of Mortality. 17 6 6.	Whole Slumber buried.	Under two Y ears .	Above fixty Years.	Apoplexy, Palfy, Suddenly.	Childbed and Mi {car- riage.	Confump- tion.	Fever.	Colic, Flux, Gripes, ^oefenefs.	Meaf.es.	Small Pox.
8 July - -	39l	— 149	52	7	2	6S	64	O	24	25
15 July - -	374	I 2 I	51	5	0	67	6l	O	29	33
22 July - -	381	126	62	6	3	76	52	I	14	37
29 July - -	340	124	38	8	1	69	39	I	13	38
5 Aug. - -	404	179	44	6	4	72	56	O	l8
12 Aug. - -	385	139	49	4	6	76	54	3	*5	34
1 9 Aug. - -	3*5	1 1 1	44	4	2	70	40	1	1 1	27
2 5 Aug. - -	337	132	47	3	4	62	59	0	5	23 1
. 2 Sept. - -	35i	»38	45	5	1	63	67	1	8	36
9 Sept. - -	363	I5°	38	6	5	64	61	1	9	28
36 Sept. - -	444	165	59	9	2	75	78	2	7	26
23 Sept. - -	393	148	52	6	4	77	54	3	1 1	34
30 Sept. - -	365	140	41	4	0	68	72	3	3	*9
7 oft. - -	486	217	71	2	9	98	6S	1	2	43
14 Oft. - -	462	166	66	4	6	100	78	2	6	24
21 Oft. - -	436	172	55	2	6	94	63	5	6	22
28 Oft. - -	374	144	51	5	1	79	60	2	7	27
4 Nov. - -	403	142	64	7	4	78	69	1	1	24
1 1 Nov. - -	399	158	66	6	4	75	68	1	9 ‘	26
1 8 Nov. - -	483	*35		2	2	90	91	3	4	48
25 Nov. - -	459	148	63	3	4	92	84	1	4	36
2 Dec. - -	416	3	64	6	1 1	8S	75	4	4	27
9 Dec. - -	427	i34	69	7	A 0	94	76	0	6	3i
16 Dec. - -	454	1 24	66	1	5	I07		1	6	35
2? Dec. - -	386	1 20	55	5	8	88	S8	1	3	35
30 Dec. - -	445	1 14	76	4	2	106	72	1	5	32

( i6 )

TABLE II . — continued.

Weekly Bills of Mortality. 1767.	Whole tfumber buried.	Under two Years.	Above fixty Years.	Apoplexy, Palfy, Suddenly.	Childbed and Mifcar- riage.	Confump- tion.	Fever.	Colic, Flux, Gripes, -.oolenefs.	Mealies.	Small Pox.
6 Jan. - -	391	11 3	69	6	7	93	5 1	O	4	43
1 3 Jan- - -	5 32	144	9 2	1 1	5	120	87	O	10	33
20 Jan. - -	5*9	1 29	100	16	6	1 26	63	2	1	42
27 Jan. - -	5°3	136	94	1 2	4	107	81	1	1	33
3 Feb. - -	468	1 27	84	8	2	107	76	2	0	31
10 Feb. - -	446	108	72	6 .	3	96	79	O	2	25
17 Feb. - -	439	137	80	5	3	101	80	I	0	18
24 Feb. - -	4i3	1 1 1	67	7	3	102	6 1	O	0	24
3 Mar. - -	404	i34	69	7	4	96	59	1	1	22
10 Mar. - -	416	144	67	9	3	86	62	O	0	2 1
17 Mar. * -	457	140	73	9	5	90	86	O	0	20
24 Mar. - -	439	148	64	10	5	I05	65	O	0	27
31 Mar. - -	43 2	162	7t	5	3	86	59	I	1	24
7 Apr. - -	472	ni	70	2	8	88	79	I	1	25
14 Apr. - -	392	126	53	7	3	75	72	r% A	3	16
21 Apr. - -	419	137	60	3	4	90	70	1	1	35
28 Apr. - -	5i9	205	58	10	6	109	73	5	2	28
5 May - -	462	167	79	8	2	90	69	1	1 *	29
12 May - -	441	158	65	4	1	78	6 1	0	3	49
19 May - -	448	1 53	70	6	3	<,6	69	1	3	39
26 May - -	422	142	75	2	3	87	75	0	2	36
2 June - -	3«s	139	56	7	2	80	62	0	0 • /	39
9 June - -	408	142	66	3	5	84	6 1	0	3	41
16 June - -	423	146	57	3	4	68	72	0	2	33
23 June ---	-431	146	56	6	1	87	57	1	1	48
30 June - -	457	149	78	7	4 '	8j	7°	2 _	2	5 E

( i7 )

TABLE II. — continued.

Weekly Bills of Mortality. 1767.	Whole Slumber buried.	Uiider two years.	Above iixiy years.	Apoplexy, Palfy, Suddenly.	Childbed and Mifcsr- riage.	Confump- tion.	Fever.	Colic, Flux, Gi ipes, Lcolenefs.	Meafles.	Smtill Pox.
7 July - -	476	I 29	8l	5	4	86	95	I	I	49
14 July - -	358	128	37	4	3	6 1	7 1	3	O	29
*— < ^<r 1 1	39s	X3X	54	8	3	81	7 1	1	O	46
28 July - -	399	120	73	3	5	57	83	1	I	42
4 Aug- - ■	339	102	40	7	3	64	53	4	I	47
1 1 Aug. - -	407	136	59	8	4	77	7X	1	I	5*
18 Aug. - -	35°	108	43	3	2	59	70	1	I	58
25 Aug. - -	37i	l6o	5 1	2	0	52	68	3	O	44
i Sept. - -	352	I4O	43	5	0	60	40	3	I	43
8 Sept. - -	384	138	37	6	4	60	67	4	O	54
15 Sept. - -	338	I44	36	4	2	48	56	2	I	47
22 Sept. - -	358	H5	56	5	2	57	52	I	O	55
29 Sept. - -	388	165	42	3	I	62	70	4	I	42
6 Oct. - -	444	184	43	4	I	99	62	9	O	54
13 061. - -	469	177	57	4	3	75	78	2	4	44
20 0<5t. - -	437	1 96	57	1 0	2	69	64	6	2	54
27 0£t. - -	396	x34	49	3	4	61	73	0	1	64
3 Nov. - -	564	229	69	2	4	96	91	1	5	64
10 Nov. - -	450	176	55	7	1	72	78	0	0	59
17 Nov. - -	446	*57	52	6	2	77	83	1	0	67
24 Nov. - -	487	x73	54	2	2	80	84	0	2	61
1 Dec. - -	544	17 6	82	6	7	1 10	1 10	3	3	57
8 Dec. - -	475	160	67	J3	5	93	91	0	1	48
15 Dec. - -	613	206	80	6	4	101	113	1	n a	109
22 Dec. - -	495	*57	62	4	5	76	97	0	n A	74
29 Dec. - -	441 1	195	63	5	0	94	77	2	2	6 1

D

( i8 )

TABLE II. — continued.

Weekly Bills of Mortality. 1795.	Whole Number buried.	Under two years..	t Above fixty years.	Apoplexy, Palfy, Suddenly.	Childbed and Mifcar- riage.	Confump- tion.	Fever.	Colic, Flux, Gripes, Loofenels.	Meafles.	Small Pox.
6 Jan. - -	244	66	51	4	I	73	20	O	5	l7
13 Jan. - -	532	129	,■139	J3	6	158	49	O	9	14
20 Jan. - -	637	1 4 1,.	345	1 1	5	164	8l	2	9	17
1 1 £ r^ c*	543	1 28	143	1 1	5	i57	42	O	3	24
3 Feb. - -	867	J53	239	T3	5	273	66	O	4	1 S
30 Feb. - -	735	i33	203	1 1	6	231	55	O	5	21
17 Feb. - -	678	148	171	7	4	198	6 1	I	4	13
24 Feb. - -	63S	J45	150	12	8	155	49	I	9	*9
3 Mar. - -	687	169	168	6	5	202	63	O	7	9
10 Mar. - -	563	1 55	iji	6	3	142	54 .	I	4	5
17 Mar. - -	540	158	102	7	2	161	45	O	8	14
24 Mar. - -	446	146	82	4	5	1 1 1	41	O	5	9
31 Mar. - -	4 83	164	89	7	4	128	34	O	4	8
7 Apr. - -	339	1 1 1	65	6	1	97	35	O	3	5
14 Apr. - -	491	166	84	5	2	1 25	43	I	4	6
21 Apr. - -	426	146	54	3	3	127	48	I	10	5
28 Apr. - -	462	i43	7i	2	3	129	42	O	4	3
5 May - -	427	150	81	7	3	H3	27	I	5	9
.1 2 May - -	365	>35	45	3	0	109	37	O	4	5
] 9 May - -	441	1 39	64	5	4	120	40	O	13	18
26 May - -	303	95	43	10	2	102	21	O	0	3
2 June - -	4I9	124	62	2	6	128	41	I	0 0	9
9 June - -	343	1 1 1	57	2	2	89	38	O	5	*5
16 June - -	341	87	^63	9	3	1 °5	35	I	4	14
23 June - -	28 i	83	48	8	3	99	26	O	4	9
30 June - -	342	105	43	3	4	98	34	O	5	18

C 19 )

TAB L E II.— -continued.

Weekly Bills of Mortality. 1 7 9 5-	Whole Number buried.	Under two Years.	Above fixty Years.	Apoplexy, Palfy, Suddenly.	Childbed and Mifcar- riage.	Confump- tion.	' Fever. •	Colic, Flux, Gripes, Loofentfs.	Meaflcs.	Small Pox.
7 July - -		72	41	5	I	68	* 30	0	5	13
14 July - -	362	86	63	12	O	92	’39	‘ 0 *	5	2 3
21 July —	273	95	42	8	2	95	'•28	0	6	16
28 July - -	3°3	108	42	3	2	89	29	0 .	6	25
4 Aug. •- -	225	79,	30	4	I	66	22	0	6	-14
1 1 Aug. - -	1 93	59	24	1 /	3	5i	24	0	0	T5
18 Aug. - -	266	91	32	3	1	59	35	0	4	*5
25 Aug. - -	232	74	34	3	0	62	24	0	1	1 1
1 Sept. - -	266	104	36	4	1	5°	25	0	9	23
8 Sept. - -	398	172	57	4	3	81	3i	0	3	21
15 Sept. - -	28 I	121	28	6	1	S3	32	I	14	1 1
22 Sept. - -	247	1 1 3	24	2	2	42	16	I	6	23
29 Sept. - -	3 11	142	37	4	1	79 .	27	I	3	27
6 oa. - -	410	184	53	7	5	90	26	I	16	28
1 3 oa. - -	321	129	42	4	5	60	3s	I	12	23
20 oa. - -	360	*5 1	39	4	1	79	43	I	8	47
27 oa. - -	340	120	34	4	2	73	37	I	12	41
3 Nov. - -	320	129	34	3	0	82	28	I	H	27
10 Nov. - -	35i	132	51	4	1	68	33	I	7	52
17 Nov. - -	595	186	76	5	5	i75	47	0	15	67
24 Nov. - -	276	92	33	4	2	73	24	0	8	29
1 Dec. - -	691	1 93	103	5	3	204	56	0	7	62
8 Dec. - -	497	185	82	3	1	1 1 2	49	0	8	75
15 Dec. - -	233	67	39	5	1	6 1	27	0	1 1	28
22 Dec. - -	340	T3*	46	6	4	82	28	I	15	68
29 Dec. - -	253	70	26	a	3	56	27	0	1 1	47

D

n

At

)

( 20 )

TABLE II.— continued.

Weekly Bills of Mortality. 1796.	j Whole 1 Number 1 buried. I	i 1 Under j two j Years.	Above lixty Years.	j Apoplexy, Palfy, Suddenly.	Childbed and Mil'car- riage.	Confump- tion.	Fever.	Colic, Flux, Gripes, Loofenefs	Mealies.	Small Pox:
5 Jan.	- -	3°°	IOO	35	n /	5	79	34	O	3	42
I 2 Jan.	- -	27 3	87	37	5	1	53	25	I	9	32
1 9 Jan*	- -	3i3	]I3	29	4	2	77	29	O	0	5*
26 Jan.	- -	257	96	20	1 1	2	47	23	O	1	44
2 Feb.	- -	328	1 10	3'2	6	1	86	23	O	10	36
9 Feb.	- -	363	1 22	44	7	6	93	33	O	4	62
1 6 Feb.	- -	329	123	4i	4	2	89	21	O	5	43
23 Feb.	- -	373	“9	65	6	3	90	3i	O	7	5 1
1 Mar.	- -	339	125	48	4	2	86	26	O	3	39
8 Mar.	- -	323	1 1 2	45	6	2	9i	17	O	6	47
15 Mar.	- -	3S4	129	48	7	4	92	24	O	10	47
22 Mar.	- -	363 •k	1 3°	48	6	2	92	30	O	4	33
29 Mar.	- -	293	97	3S	8	0	76	*9	O	0 J	33
5 Apr.	- -	415	H7	57	4	3	1 16	28	C	5	5°
1 2 Apr.	- -	420	J34	64	7	6	92	29	O	3	45
1 9 Apr.	- —	366	146	42	3	3	84	22	O	4	44
26 Apr.	- -	400	136	65	6	3	96	22	I	5	52
3 May	- -■	312	105	49	3	6	72	*9	O	0 o	49
10 May	- -	334	128	38	1	3	67	27	O	4	6o
17 May	- -	328	95	55	10	3	7i	29	O	3	55
24 May	- -■	375	141	39	5	2	69	35	O	6	90
31 May	- -	382	1 12	46	3	6	92	35	O	5	77
7 June	- -	373	140	43	4	4	86	34	I	0	83
14 June	- -	320	122	28	2	1	70	20	O	0	96
21 June	- -	333	1 1 2	39	5	4	60	3i	O	4	88-
28 June	— — -	3 1 8	1 1 5	42	5	4	6 1	20	O	1 1	73

C 2! )

TABLE II. — continued .

Weekly Bills of Mortality. 1796-	Whole Number buried.	Under two Years.	Above fixty Years.	Between twenty and fifty Y ears.	Apoplexy, Pally, Suddenly.	Confump- tion.	Fever.	ConYiil- lions.	Aftlmia.	Dropfy.
5 July - -	328	105	32	59	6	60	16	46	4	I 2
12 July - -	402	I 29	40	98	7	8l	40	69	I	IO
19 July - -	384	122	46	7i	7	69	32	64	12	I I
26 July - -	342	Il6	40	77	7	6 1	35	60	O	I 2
2 Aug. - -	324	I l6	30	80	2	80	*7	57	6	I 2
9 Aug. - -	3 46	I41	36	62	9	6 1	19	59	2	6
16 Aug. - -	306	119	25	69	5	62	J9	49	1	8
23 Aug. - -	285	I I I	3i	5 1	4	47	x5	55	2	8
30 Aug. - -	373	I4O	35	78	3	75	34	73	6	22
6 Sept. - -	368	147	34	80	7	6S	29	38	2	1 2
13 Sept. - -	447	185	48	S5	6	91	36	83	4	13
20 Sept. - -	316	I 28	26	55	5	54	28	44	1	1 1
27 Sept. - -	433	184	47	74	2	60	48	79	8	18.
4 061. -■ -	366	I44	39	58	6	62	19	73	1	12
1 1 061. - -	41 1	l6o	45	86	5	77	3i	86	6	10
18 061. - -	3° 3	1 39	35	57	7	67	26	63	3	7
25 06t. - -	332	1 20	43	83	5	68	35	66	1	16
1 Nov. - -	424	136	68	96	8	96	36	74	6	21
8 Nov. - -	416	149	45	101	8	1 04	30	101	2	l6
15 Nov. - -	444	145	6 1	”3	4	1 J3	46	82	9	*5
22 Nov. - -	295	106	33	Si	7	69	25	64	9	l9
29 Nov. - -	383	140	63	9i	9	80	3S	90	1 2	*9
6 Dec. - -	293	80	45	89	4	70	27	48	4	2
13 Dec. - -	1 223'*	342	O O ^	332	16	3°9	95	275	47	29
20 Dec. - -	257	93	38	65	4	66	22	49	1 1	9
27 Dec. - -	206	64	35	5 1	3	65	20	46	7	9

* The Parifh of St. George, Middlefex, gave in the Number for the whole Year, amountirg to 532

'

( 22 )

TABLE II. — continued.

Weekly Bills of Mortality. 1 7 97-	Whole Number buried.	Under two Years,	Above ii xty Years.	Between twenty and fifty Yeats.	Apoplexy, Bally, Suddenly.	Confump- tion.	Fever.	Convul- fions.	Afthma.	Dropfy.
3 Jan- -	-	544	l6l	90	I48	14	T47	45	io5	16 \|	23
iojan. -	-	43 8	I l8	82	108	7	I 27	41	79	22	*7
17 Jan. -	-	290	87	63	71	5	73	3 1	55	13	13
24 Jan. -	-■	435	133	85	JI7	9	T35	43	75	17	14
31 Jan* “	-	421	134	82	I IO	10	1 1 8	3 1	72	20	24
7 Feb. -	-	34i	97	62	85	9	9 2	27	7i	*5	10
14 Feb. -	-	3°4	78	53	85	7	104	3i	54	9	IO
21 Feb. -	m	367	103	66	99	7	1 16	26	77	18	15
28 Feb. -	-	393	108	81	104	5	102	33	77	21	21
7 Mar. -	-	491	1 17	1 1 1	x44	10	T39	45	86	3i	18
14 Mar. -	-	41 2	109	104	103	8	116	30	78	27	20
21 Mar. -	-	3S7	83	104	1 13	12	1 1 1	26	66	29	22
28 Mar. -	-	O'! O CO	1 13	1 26	i39	9		39	99	30	3°
4 Apr. -	-	37 1	103	82	91	7	1 14	29	75		. 20
1 1 Apr. -	-	309	80	53	92	9	73	32	63	15	15
18 Apr. -	-	326	103	52	79	3	97	33	80	5	13
25 Apr. -	-	371	105	59	121	3	IOI	3i	82	30	20
2 May -	-	362	92	78	I05	9	I IO	35	78	14	17
9 May -	-	300	85	43	91	3	92	31	62	8	14
16 May -	-	328	92	54	94	5	i°5	22	73	3	1 6
23 May -	-	3°9	78	46	102	7	92	22	54	n	30
30 May -	-	271	73	47	77	6	73	24	67	3
6 June -	-	265	82	38	72	6	75	28	61	3	9
1 3 June "	-	*57	66	46	79	2	77	18	63	6	1 1
20 June -	-	326	97	49	96	7	99	35	67	3	18
27 June -		256	69	40	82	3	85	22	64	1	16

( 23 )

TABLE II. — continued.

• Weekly Bills of Mortality. 1 7 9 7-	Whole Number buried.	Under two Years.	Above fixty Years.	Between twenty and fifty Years.	Apoplexy, Palfy, Suddenly.	Confump- tion.	Fever. 1	Convul- fions.	Afthma.	Dropfy.
4 July -		292	86	46	87	4	90	24	60	5	19
ii July -	-	236	77	27	70	4	71	20	48	4	14
18 July -		274	76	48	92	1	94	22	48	2	12
25 July -	-	I 92	57	23	59	6	38	22	48	3	l6
1 Aug. -	-	289	98	38	74	7	79	24	74	1	IO
8 Aug. -	-	243	73	. 44	66	3	69	25	6s	2	IO
1 5 Aug. -	-	333	1 12	45	9i	5	92	35 i	83	7	H
2 2 Aug. -	-	247	96	32	65	3	63	22	76	4	9
29 Aug. -	-	263	107	3°	70	7	47	24	73	2	13
5 Sept. -	-	262	120	28	54	6	44	21	95	1	8
12 Sept. -	-	26l	92	35	78	2	6S	28	69	' 9	*5
19 Sept. -	-	288	1 12	44	68	3	65	24	77	6	18
26 Sept. -	-	289	n7	4i	63	9	65	24	90	3	9
3 Oft- -	-	264	94	33	79	3	54	36	63	5	20
10 06t. -	-	255	81	44	66	3	60	24	6S	6	1 1
17 0£t. -	-	293	83	28	IOI	6	81	38	73	5	13
24 Oct. -	-	206	81	3 1	52	2	S6	17	53	1	13
j 1 Oct. -	-	304	92	47	88	6	68	3i	64	14	13
7 Nov, -		360	11 9	60	83	6	96	26	92	1	*3
14 Nov. -	-	263	78	43	81	6	7i	22	<>5	9	22
21 Nov. -	-	383	i°7	47	12 3	4	10S	42	8S	13	13
28 Nov. -	-	337	1 1 8	55	92	6	99	J9	99	4	18
5 Dec. -	-	422	ii5	63	1 22	8	13°	45	102	13	2 7
12 Dec. -	-	625	i 80	107	i59	1 1	204	50	i59	H	33
1 9 Dec. -	-	180	49	33	56	7	53	10	42	6	*5
2 6 Dec. -	-	205	64	36	63	2	5°	18 1	41	6	1 2

( 24 )

TABLE II.— continued.

Weekly Bills of Mortality. 1798.	Whole No mber buried.	Under two Years.	Above fixty Years.	Between twenty and fifty Years.	Apoplexy, Palfy, Suddenly.	Confump- tion.	Fever.	Convul- fions.	Afthma.	Dropfy.
2 Jan. -	-	349	119	41	86	7	IOO	23	91	8 1	18
9 Jan. -	-	280	78	33	81	10	77	25	69	13	*5
1 6 Jan. -	-	396	I 14	83	103	8	93	39	99	14	16
23 Jan- -	-	2 95	83	54	82	14	84	28	69	12	*5
3° Jan- *	-	3°5	1 04	45	33	6	93	24	81	9	14
6 Feb. -	-	3l4	8l	63	86	10	91	23	63	8	22
13 Feb. -	-	405	120	68	102	5	109	40	88	13	22
20 Feb. -	—	391	IOO	78	1 27	6	1 16	44	69	16	23
27 Feb. -	-	495	132	96	138	9	133	33	109	i7-	3°
6 Mar. -	-	403	I 12	68	1 14	9	I25	27	88	16	22
13 Mar. -		320	95	63	75	7	99	18	68	1 2	I A. t
20 Mar. -	-	328	102	48	102	10	96	28	67	18	24
27 Mar. -	-	380	1 20	68	106	4	119	29	96	12	20
3 APr- -	-	360	1 1 5	5i	101	6	112	27	87	1 1
10 Apr. -	-	252	76	39	62	0 J	69	27	47	9	18
17 Apr. -	-	415	I31	5 1	1 1 1	5	1 22	3i	95	10	18
24 Apr. -	-	340	94	40	106	6	84	44	62	9	18
1 May -	-	372	95	58	iJ3	10	98	29	72	10	*9
8 May -	-	3°4	80	33	92	3	9°	l9	78	7	14
15 May -	-	31-9	99	44	109	6	99	33	54	1 1	14
22 May -	-	308	89	33	91	10	88	25	59	3	*9
29 May -	-	2 66	72	37	72	4	69	33	40	7	18
5 June -	-	329	97	47	99	5	81	29	58	7	1 2
1 2 June -	-	346	104	47	104	2	96	39	68	5	1 1
19 June -	-	321	87	45	94	6	80	29	69	5	12
26 June -	—	349	1 12	49	99	5	- 92	34	72	5	10

I

( 25 )

TABLE II. — continued .

Weekly Bills of Mortality. ! 7 9 8.	Whole Number buried.	Under tvvo Years.	Above fixty Years.	Between twenty and fifty Years.	Apoplexy, Palfy, Suddenly.	Con i’u mp- tion.	Fever.	Convul- fions.	Afthma.	Droply.
3 Ju]y - -	308	96	44	82	2	7i	29	58	5	TO
10 July - -	267		45	66	6	66	30	48	5	I I
17 July - -	329	98	47	77	4	96	33	49	5	*4
24 July - -	335	I 2 1	35	93	4	86	30	67	7	9
31 July - -	396	I49	48	, 91	1 1	65	37	80	5	10
7 Aug. - -	329	1 1 8	40	77	7	83	35	86	2	12 -
14 Aug. - -	3°a	114	47	62	3	58	30	73	3	1 2
21 Aug. - -	387	5	46	90	5	73	39	73	6	18
28 Aug. - -	31 1	114	39	69	8	54	28	65	0	19
4 Sept. - -	358	144	33	72	9	80	39	85	6	8
1 1 Sept. - -	37 2	1 59	39	73	1	90	34	7S	6	10
18 Sept. - -	43 2	188	57	75	3	88	29	108	10	13
25 Sept. - -	341	122	46	72	9	60	42	62	2	15
2 Od. - -	4l6	141	32	101	3	86	56	70	6	12
9 Od. - -	3*1	121	37	59	2	54	34	58	4	12
16 Od. - -	333	107	42	85	4	70	42	55	5	1 1
23 Od. - -	422	T33	58	IO4	8	98	45	74	4	16
30 Od. - -	300	93	45	70	3	59	40	52	1	7
6 Nov. - -	422	1 ll	56	102	8	106	39	68	8	15
13 Nov. - -	353	1 12	31	80	4	86	42	53	7	16
20 Nov. - -	334	10 5	46	90	5	^3	37	50	9	10
27 Nov. - -	403	1 1 6	62	98	8	89	56	75	1 1	7
4 Dec. - -	556	160	89	128	5	1 1 6	59	ICO	5	*9
1 1 Dec. - -	481	M7	67	117	10	98	49	75	20	17
18 Dec. - -	395	118	57	83	4	89	49	79	18	10
25 Dec. - -	448	120	86	no	3	127	52	90	7	12

E

( 26 )

TABLE II. — continued.

Weekly Sills of Mortality. 1799.	Whole Number buried.	Under two Years.	Above fixty Years.	Between twenty and fifty Years.	Apoplexy, Palfy, Suddenly.	Confump- tion.	Fever.	Convul- fions.	Afthuia.	Dropfy.
i Jan. -	-	364	107	72	91	IO	98	40	59	9	14
8 Jan. -	-	458	l6l	69	IO4	4	IO7	50	92	18	l6
15 Jan. -	-	478	>37	88	J35	6	113	32	90	28	26
22 Jan. -	-	496	127	86	*53	3	I 28	60	82	38	25
29 Jan. -	-	4O8	I 29	70	103	7	’ 9°	41	88	21	7
5 Feb. -	-	395	103	86	I05	10	93	32	75	26	18
12 Feb. -	*	479	i47	86	J35	8	130	48	1 15	20	20
19 Feb. -	-	494	>35	85	133	7	140	45	91	38	26
26 Feb. -	-	429	I 17	85	1 16	9	88	44	73	33	1 1
5 Mar. -	-	385	I IO	7i	97	8	106	29	69	26	*5
32 Mar. -	-	339	84	73	86	9	88	38	7 1	*5	14
19 Mar. -	-	329	86	56	94	1 1	97	23	62	1 1	21
26 Mar. -	-	291	80	47	84	5	73	- 29	63	1 1	13
2 Apr. -	-	433	102	94	120	9	148	32	84	21	23
9 Apr. -	-	434	125	83	ii5	5	126	48	109	1 1	23
16 Apr. -	-	43i	1 13	93	io5	1 1	1 1 3	30	88	24	21
23 Apr. -	-	267	76	42	82	6	88	22	74	12	9
3° Apr. -	-	395	119	63	!I3	8	1 *5	42	95	13	- 24
7 May -	-	280	86	53	80	3	75	22	67	6	13
14 May -	-	244	53	39	90	0	7i	37	46	13	16
21 May -	-	472	132	1 16	X17	14	i45	25	107	i5	25
28 May -	-	39s	108	81	104	6	1 14	39	81	14	22
4 June -	-	301	88	59	79	4	97	24	66	6	14
1 1 June -	-	284	90	50	69	7	76	18	65	8	J7
18 June -	-	236	6 1	5i	81	3	69	33	49	10	*5
25 June -	—	3 21	96	5i	99	4	98	36	65	12	23

I

( 27 )

TABLE II. — continued .

*

Weekly Bills of Mortality. 1799.	Whole Number buried.	Under two Years.	Above fixty Years.	Between twenty and fifty Years.	Apoplexy, Palfy, Suddenly.	Confump- tion.	Fever.	Convul- fions.	Afthma.	Djopfy.
2 July - -	262	66	57	71	7	74	27	58	IO	18
9 July - -	27 I	69	50	86	5	83	35	40	3	l8
16 July - -	321	66	63	98	1 1	87	29	63	6	25
23 July - -	263	00	49	7 1	6	64	19	60	3	19
30 July - -	200	72	3i	54	2	55 ’	20	5°	2	13
6 Aug. - -	3°°	90	52	85	9	87	25	69	7	l6
13 Aug. - -	297	s?	43	72	5	80	24	77	5	12
20 Aug. - -	248	74	38	64	10	67	25	5i	7	12
27 Aug. - -	184	62	27	43	3	56	16	49	6	7
3 Sept. - -	275	79	36	72	6	69	29	63	7	9
10 Sept. —	231	72	27	73	5	59	21	56	0	20
17 Sept. - -	212	64	34	5°	6	49	27	3i	8	1 2
24 Sept. —	296	84	43	79	5	86	37	67	7	1 8
1 Oft. - -	255	90	37	65	0	62	34	55	4	13
8 0£t. - -	394	124	46	1 18	8	1 T9	33	109	2	18
15 Oft. - -	3lS	88	35	IIO	3	81	51	60	4	16
22 Oft. - -	292	93	47	74	9	7 6	33	70	3	1 r
29 Oft. - -	310	104	45	8s	7	86	35	70	6	16
5 Nov. - -	298	88	53	81	7	56	35	68	9	17
12 Nov. - -	337	98	57	95	6	85	35	76	7	25
19 Nov. - -	284	81	47	89	9	80	23	53	6	12.
26 Nov. - -	409	133	62	103	12	112	34	72	!3	23
3 Dec. —	389	122	79	86	1 1	88	34	84	14	*9
10 Dec. - -	786	207	140	235	14	3C75	78	158	40	44
17 Dec. - -	272	72	47	64	' 4	73	24	40	19	18
24 Dec. - -	318	79	55	97	TO	79	40	00	23	17
31 Dec. - -	3J8	108	70	89	6	TOO	3i	79	10	24

E 2

I

%

C 29 )

PART L

— —

OF THE

INCREASE AND DECREASE.

O F

DIFFERENT DISEASES.

The fludluation obfervable in certain difeafes may be confi- dered under two diftindi points of view : the lirfb compre- hending their variations in different years ; the fecond thofe which take place in different parts of the fame year. Each of them affords matter of curiofity, and ufeful information.

The two preceding Tables exhibit a method in which fuch obfervations may fafely be conduced. For, whatever errors be fuppofed to have crept into the regiffers from which they are formed, yet when taken together, and confidered on an extenfive fcale, they muff be admitted to conffitute a very unexceptionable bafis for medical reafoning. And the feveral objedis being thus brought nearer to each other, and feen as it were fide by fide, the judgment may be formed not only much more eafily, but, it is apprehended, much more cer- tainly alfo,. than could be done in any other manner. Another

great.

( 50 )

great advantage refulting from luch tables is, that they do of themfelves often fuggeft conclufions, which corredl, or perhaps wholly contradift, the expcdlations railed upon no better foun- dation than vague conje&ure, or popular opinion.

The particular articles, of which thefe tables are compofed, were leledted as being thofe from which mod was expedted to be learned. It fhould however be noticed, that the weekly table is not perfectly uniform ; for, indead of being made out from ten years in fucceffion, five were chofen at one time, and five others after an interval of above thirty years : to afford an opportunity of comparing the two periods with each other. Befides, from July 1796, an alteration maybe obferved in the mode of keeping them. But this, which was introduced to fatisfy fome views of the author, it is hoped will rather prove an advantage, than any embarrafsment, to thofe who may be inclined to examine it ; and therefore has not fince been changed.

1. Of the variation in the whole numbers chridened and

buried.

The annual mortality appears by the parifh clerks returns to have increafed from the beginning of the century to the year 1720 ; to have been at its greated height from 1720 to 3750 ; and from that time gradually to have decreafed.

In the mean time, the chridenings increafed from 1700 to 1727 ; then decreafed to 1740; were at the lowed: between

1740

( )

1740 and 1760; and from that time have gradually in*

crealed.

• t

That both the chridenings and burials fhould have be- . come more frequent during the fird thirty years, can be no matter of furprife, when we confider the increafe both in number, and fize, of the out-parifhes. For it will be found upon examination, that the increafe has been confined to them alone.

On the other hand, the fubfequent decreafe of burials* has taken place only in the city parifhes ; and is, no doubt, owing to people living wider, and taking up more room than formerly. They no longer fubmit to the inconvenience of being* crowded feveral together under a {ingle roof. But many merchants with their families, and many merchants’ clerks alfo, who ufed all to live in the fame houfe, now retire, efpecially when they are lick, to others fituated without the limits of the bills of mortality, or at lead* without the city.

] n the fird five years of the century, the average numbers dying annually in each of the four divifions into which the parifhes are didributed, were as follows :

Within the Walls. Without the Walls. Out Parilhes. Weftniinfter.

2,192 - - - - 6,873 " ~ " 6,223 “ - - - 3,285

between the years 1740 and 1745 they were

2,328 6,975 11,784 6,164.

and from 1790 to 1795 they were

I?374 - - - » 4,108 - - - - 9,600 - - - - 5,110

And

i

( 32 )

And though London has been very much extended, and the number of its inhabitants proportionally enlarged within the lad: thirty years ; yet this having taken place principally in the parifh of Mary-le-bone, which is not included in the bills of mortality, it therefore makes no addition to the yearly .accounts.

It is not eafy to account for the diminution of chriftenings between the years 1740 and 1760. But it may be obferved, that the number of females buried in the fame twenty years not being fenfibly leffened, the defedl, however that fliould happen, leems to have arifen from the fmaller proportion .among; them who bore children.

Whatever be the caufe of this, the chriftenings appear in fa6t to have been fewed: at a time when the burials were nearly at the higheft. Hence the difference of the numbers chrifiened and buried is greater between the years 1740 and 1750, than at any preceding or fubfequent period. This difference diminifhed afterwards ; but ftill continued very confiderable till about 1 770. Now, it was from an average of ten years taken in this interval, namely from 1759 to I 768, that Dr. Price conffrudted his (a) tables of the pro- babilities of life, and from which he deduced the population of London. The excefs of the burials above the chriftenings amounted at that time to nearly one-third ( b) of the whole

number

(a) Tab. XIII. and XV. of his Obfervations on Reverfionary Payments, 5th edit. ‘ (bj Vol. I. p, 340.

( 33 )

number of burials. At prefent, it is lefs than one-twentieth : nay, in the years 1790, 1797, and 1799, the excefs was actually on the fide of the chriftenings. Such a prodigious change ought, one w^uld think, confiderably to alter Dr. Price’s concluhons. Some allowances are however to be made ( c) ; particularly in confequence of an act of parlia- ment palled in 1767, by which it is required that all parilh infants lhall be fent into the country in three weeks after their birth, to be nurfed there till they are fix years old. How many burials of children are taken out of the bills in confequence of this a£t, it is not eafy to eftimate ; but that it mud; be a large number, is rendered probable by the remark- able decreafe of thofe reported to die under two years of age. Between the years 1728, when the ages were firft fet down, and 1 738, their number amounted one year with another to above 10,000; in the next decad to above 9,000 ; in the decad following to 7,800 ; and between 1 790 and 1800, to little more than 6,000 annually. It is to be hoped, however, that as this decreafe began to take place before the date of the a6l in queftion, fo its continuance fince may in part be with juftice attributed to the greater falubrity of the town (c*).

2. There

(c) See of Dr. P.’s Work, Vol. I. p. 251. note.

(c*) It appears from the books of the Foundling Hofpital, that the mortality among the children under the age of twelve months, who are all put out to nurfe in the country, has within the laft thirty years, diminilhed in the proportion of twelve to feven. The average of the laft ten years being only one in fix.

Account of Foundling Hofpital in London, 1799.

F

( 3 4 )

2. There is fcarcely any fa6t to be collected from the bills of mortality more worthy the attention of phyficians, than the gradual decline of the dyfentery. In the feventeenth century, the number of deaths under the titles of bloody-fux and griping in the guts, appear never to have been lefs than one thoufand, and fome years to have exceeded four thou- fand ; and for five and twenty years together, from 1667 to 1692, they every year amounted to above two thoufand. But from the beginning of the eighteenth century things were materially changed. After the year 1 733, the article of griping in the guts was joined to that of colic : taking then the three difeafes of bloody-Jlux , colic > and gripes , we may obferve their decreafe to have been nearly as follows r

• 1 f

From 1700 to 1710 the average is about 1,070 annually..

1710 to 1720 ------	770
1 720 to 1 73 0 ------	700
1730 to 1740 - - - - - . -	35°
1740 to 1750 ------	15°
1750 to I 760 ------	1 10
1760 to 1770 ------	80
1770 to 1780 ------	70
1780 to 1790 ------	40
1790 to 1800 ------	20

Even in the years 1762 and 1780, when modem phyficians have defcribed the dyfentery as epidemical in London, the amount of the fame three articles was in the firfl year only 209, and in the lafl: 93.

The

( 35 )

The caufe of fo great an alteration in the health of the people of England (for it is not confined to the metropolis) I have no hefitation in attributing to the improvements which have gradually taken place, not only in London, but in all great towns, and in the manner of living throughout the kingdom; particulaily with refped to cleanlinefs and venti- lation. For the reafons upon which this opinion is founded, I muft refer the reader to what will be faid hereafter ( d) con- cerning the plague.

3. The inoculation of the fmall pox having been firft ufed in England fince the beginning of the eighteenth century, and having been now for many years generally adopted by all the middle and higher orders of fociety ; it becomes an interefting enquiry to obferve, from a review of the laft hun- dred years, what have been the effects of fo great an inno- vation, upon the mortality occafioned by that difeafe. But, however beneficial inoculation prove to individuals, or indeed to the nation at large, the bills of mortality inconteftibly lhew, that in London more perfons have died of the fmall pox fince the introdu&ion of that pra&ice.

The poor, who have little care of preferving their lives beyond the getting their daily bread, make a very large part of mankind. Their prejudices are ftrong, and not eafily overcome by reafon. Hence, while the inoculation of the wealthy keeps up a perpetual fource of infedion, many others,

who

(d) Part II.

F a

( 3I * * * * 6 ) .

♦

who either cannot afford, or do not chufe, to adopt the fame

method, are continually expofed to the difremper. And the

clanger is flill increafed by the inconfiderate manner in which

it has lately been the cuffom to fend into the open air perfons

in every flage of the difeafe, without any regard to the fafety

of their neighbours. It is by thefe means, that'while inocu-

*

lation may juftly be efteemed one of the greatefl improve- xnents ever introduced into the medical art, it occasions many to fall a facrifice to what has obtained the diftindlion of the natural difeafe. This mufl always be an objedtion againft making any great city the place for inoculation, until the practice is become univerfal among all ranks of

Out of every thoufand deaths in the bills of mortality, the number attributed to the fmall pox during the firft thirty years of the eighteenth century, before inoculation could yet have had any effedl upon them, amounted to 74. During an equal number of years at the end of the century, they amounted to 95. So that, as far as we are enabled to judge from hence, they would appear to have increafed in a propor- tion of above five to four.

I cannot refufe myfelf the fatisfadlion of ftating on tjie other hand, from the printed accounts of the Small Pox Hof-

pital, where from their numbers the truth can befl be afeer-

tained, that while by the natural fmall pox there die one in

fix, from the inoculated fmall pox three hundred and ninety-

nine out of four hundred recover.

4, The

if. The yearly fum of the deaths ranged under the heada of apoplexy, palfy, and fuddenly, fluctuates without any certain) increafe or decreafe till the beginning of the eighteenth cen- tury. From that time, the proportion' they bear to the whole number of deaths may be obferved to have been gradually* and conflantly,. increasing. It is now above double what it was an hundred years ago. To what caufe then ought this to be attributed ? Is it owing to- any alteration in our man- ners ? or in our diet ? and what is that alteration ? Some per- fbns have accu fed Spirituous liquors ; fome the ufe of tea ; and other things.. But I confefs myfelf by no means Satisfied either with the- conjectures of others, or with any I have my- felf been able to form upon this fubjeCh The faCl however refts upon too ftrong evidence to be questioned*

5. The deaths imputed to the meafles are very remarkably, different in different years;, fometimes amounting, to one- thirtieth of the whole number of deaths, and at other times, falling fhort of one in four thoufand. Yet it is poflible that this difeafe may not in reality be fb very irregularly epide- mical, or fatal.. The fcarlet fever, and malignant fore throat* often occafion fuch appearances upon the fkin, as may eafily be miftaken for the meafles by better judges than the mo- thers and nurfes, who thinking themfelves able to diffino’uifh this diffe.mper,,and equal to the management of it, often calL in no. other afliftance. This miffake is well known to have been fometimes committed within thefe few years, during which the fcarlet fever,, and malignant fore throat, have been

fo »

( 38 )

/

to generally underftood. It may perhaps have happened in every year, in which an extraordinary number of deaths are ^charged to the meafles. If fo, thofe two formidable diftem- pers (if indeed they are two diftin<ft diftempers, and not one and the fame) being difguifed under the name of meafles, may have been older, and more general, than is ufually imagined (e).

6. The table does not reprefent the mortality among lying-in women to be diminifhed in a degree equal to the truth. But it muff be remembered, that the proportion dying on this account ought to be referred to the number of births, and not to the burials, as was there done for the fake of uniformity. Eftimated in this way, the numbers would be materially altered. As for inftance, out of every thoufand deliveries during the firft ten years, fifteen women would then appear to have died inftead of eleven ; and fo of the reft.

The following Table is inferted from the printed account of the Britifh Lying-in Hofpital in Brownlow-ftreet, which gives a much more favourable ftatement of this matter :

i f,

(e ) No lefs an author than Morton appears to have confounded together the jneafles and the fcarlet fever. He fays, in his 5th chap. De Febre Scarlatina , ** Hunc morbum prorfus eundem efle cum morbillis cenfeo5 et folo efflorefcentias

modo ab illis diftare.’1

C 39 )

ACCOUNT of the Women delivered, and Children born, in the British Lying-in Hospital, as alfo the Twins, Still-Births, and Deaths, from the Time of its InfHtution, in November 1749, to the Firfl: of January 1801 inelufive.

- T* ^

. V" * % •

0

» f ' 1 ^ I

‘ J

I '

(

N

( 4° )

A. D.	No. of Women Delivered	Boys Born.	Girls Bom.	Total No. of Chil- dren Born	Women had Twins.	Children Still- born.	Children Died.	Women Died.	PROPORTIO Of the Women	N of DEATHS. Of the Children.
1749	3	3		3
175°	>75	93	84	177	2	I I	5	3
>75 1	5.37	181	J 60	34i	4	35	9	12		V
1752	433	236	20 I	437	4	22	27	34
>753	284	141	I46	287	3	IO	21	10
>754	321	375	351	346	5	9	66	12	) i in 42	i in 15.
>755	370	190	i85	375	5	8	34	9
375C	370	188	I 84	372	ft	8	10	3	-
1757	478	262	219	48 1	3	12	22	7
1758	521	277	254	533	10	6	16	8	J
1 7 5 9	472	253	■226	479	7	12	34	6	. i	•
1760	427	228	206	434	7	1 1	58	26
1761	390	197	198	395	5	20	3i	12
1762	397	199	I99	39s	1	8	38	7
1763	414	209	212	421	7	15	32	10	\ *	#
1764	366	191	i7s	369	3	35	37	7	/ 1 rn 50	1 in 20.
1765	560	333	258	569	9	12	20	9
1 766	5S8	293	304	597	9	25	37	10
1767	573	303	272	575	4	7	10	4
1768	588	301	288	5S9	1	5	2	3	/
1769	561 :	292	280	572	1 1	14	33	7
1770	472	225	249	474	2	33	9	28
i77>	541	266	282	548	7	17	34	4
1772	596	320	286	606	10	25	37	4	1
1 773 3774	627 553	336 292	298 266	634 558	7 5	39 36	14 3	4 18	> 1 in 53	1 in 42.
3775	570	295	280	575	5	22 -	33	21
1776	543	276	275	553	8 '	26	9	3
3777	602	.3 32	293	605	3	24	24	6
1778	572	28 I	298	579	7	39	18	1 1

( 4> )

A. D.	No. of Women Delivered.	Boys Born.	Girls Born.	Total No. of Child- dren Born.	Women had Twins.	Children Still- born.	Children Died.	Women Died.	PROPORTIC Of the Women	>N of DEATHS. Of the Children.
1779 1780 1781 1782 17^3 1784 1785 1786 17S7 1788	S63 566 524 549 587 5S° 435 597 564 578	310 310 275 298 3°8 283 231 333 29O 296	257 259 255 260 288 272 2 I 2 276 283 287	567 569 53° 558 596 555 443 609 573 583	4 3 6 9 9 5 8 12 9 5	31 33 26 15 33 24 24 35 36 25	8 4 9 14 17 10 16 *9 18 10	3 8 14 13 5 14 6 9 9 10	\ i in 60 / J	♦ i in 44.
1789	599	296	308	604	5	42	1 2	1	"N %
1790	622	317	3*3	630		34	5	7
I791	621	323	3°3	628	7	39	2	1
1792	6 10	3>2	306	618	8	29	4	1
1793	590	3°°	297	597	7	24	12	1	} 1 in 288	I i« 77.
1794	583	286	305	591	8	26	6	2
1795	6 1 2	310	310	620	8	32	13	2
1796	627	326	305	63 >	4	24	4	1
1 7 97	6 1 9	.332	293	625	6	25	9	3
1798	566	285	292	577	1 1	3i	r2	2	>
>799	521	28 2	248	530	9	21	7	1	• 1 •
1800	417	21 I	210	421	4	1 8	1	0	f 1 m 938	i in 1 1 8.
Total •	26202	13642	12871	26513	3 1 1	1073	795	39 >

Proportion of Boys to Girls born in the Hofpital is about 19 to 18.

Children Still-born in ditto, about - 1 to 25.

Women having had Twins, about - 1 to 84.

G

( 43 )

y. Some mifcellaneous obfervations on the yearly bills of mortality.

The following Statement was deduced in a coarfe manner, from an average of about ten years, for the purpofe of com- paring generally the mortality occasioned by certain difeafes, at the beginning, middle, and end of the eighteenth century ; care being taken in each period to felect fuch years, in which the whole number of deaths was nearly the fame,, viz. about 21,000.

Abortive and Still-born Colic, Flux, Gripes, &c. • Confumption - -

Evil

Fever - - - - -

Gout ----- Lunatic - ~ -

Pally, Apoplexy, &c. - Rickets -

Small Pox - - -

Beginning.	Middle.	End.
600	57°	75°
1,100	J35	20
3, OOO	4,000	5,000
CO O	900	900
70		8
3, ooo	3, ooo	2,000
26	40	66
27	75	70
lS7	280	300
3So	1 1	1
1,600	2,000	2,000

To thefe might be added the article of convulfions. But it will appear upon enquiry, that the change has in this in- Itance taken place in the name only, and not in the real 5 number

( 4 3 )

number of deaths. There can he little doubt, but the fame difeafes of children, which ufed formerly to be called chry- foms and infants, are now accumulated under the general head of convulfions. For we may obferve the decreafe of the two former articles to have taken place in a proportion very exactly correfponding with the increafe of the latter.

The apparent increafe of the abortives and ftill-born will likewife in great meafure vanifh, if we refer them, as we ought, not to the burials, but to the births ; the number of chriftenings, at the three periods above mentioned, bearing very nearly the fame proportion to each other, that obtains in thefe articles. Neverthelefs it muff be obferved, that the re- gifter of the Brownlow-flreet Hofpital alfo exhibits a very fenfible increafe in the number of children dill-born.

It is not eafy to give a fatisfa6lory reafon for all the changes which may be obferved to take place in the hidory of difeafes. Nor is it any difgrace to phyficians, if their caufes are often fo gradual in their operation, or fo fubtle, as

to elude invedigation. Of this kind are the origin and de-

«

cline of the rickets. It is pleahng however to look back upon the progrefs of this difeafe, and trace it from year to year, as it has been growing continually lefs and lefs fatal.

The fame obfervations are applicable to the evil alfo, unlefs we fuppofe its apparent decreafe ought rather to be attributed to a greater backwardnefs in acknowledging a complaint now univerfally believed to be hereditary.

G 2

Of

Of fevers I (hall have occafion to fpeak more particularly

afterwards

The view which prefents itfelf of confumptions, goutv lunacy, and pally, mud: be confelTed to be by no means favourable. The fird of thefe probably includes many other chronical didempers, befides the pulmonary confumption* All of them feem to be almod, if not altogether, unknown among barbarous nations, and1 may perhaps be the natural confequences of arts and civilization. As thefe again fhoot up into luxury and intemperance, their effcdls may well be expedted to become proportionally more confpicuous. Dr. Rulh of Philadelphia has reported' concerning the uncul- tivated nations of North America, that fevers, inflamma- tions, and dyfenteries make, up the fum of their complaints ; and in particular, 44 that after much enquiry he had not been 44 able to find a Angle indance of madnefs, melancholy, 44 or fatuity, among them (g)'” In a fubfequent part of

a

his work, the fame author,, fpeaking of the pulmonary con- fumption, declares it to be 44 unknown among the Indians “ of North America (h) ” Likewife Mr. Park, in his Ac- count of the Interior Parts of Africa, fays, that notwith- danding longevity is uncommon among the Negroes, their difeafes appeared to be but few in number fevers and fluxes are the mod common, and the mod fatal*

*

(g) Medical Enquiries and Qbfervations, by B. Rulh, Vol. I. p* 25.

(b) Vol. 1. p. 159.

The

( 45 )

The difcerning Sydenham had long before oblerved, that “ acute difeafes come from God, but chronical difeafes ori- “ ginate with ourfelves (i)'” Indeed we cannot doubt, that idlenefs and intemperance, with their long train of vices ; that covetoulhefs and anxiety, the neceflary attendants upon com- merce ; and manufa&ories, which fupply the materials for it ; muft all in their feveral ways be injurious to health. And it is not improbable, that they may very largely have contri- buted to fwell out the number of deaths under each of the difeafes in queftion.

It does not appear by the bills of mortality, that the num- ber of deaths from dropfy was increafed by the a 61 palled in 1690, for the encouragement of the diftillation of malt fpi- rits. Between the years 1718 and 1751, the average number is one-tenth greater than at any period before or lince. In 1751 the diftillation of fpirits was reftrained by a<ft of par- liament, and the ufe of them checked by additional duties. Petitions were the year after fent up to parliament from va- rious parts of the kingdom, fetting forth the good effe&s of thefe regulations upon the morals and health of the pe^le, and praying for a continuance of them.. And the bills of mortality feem to confirm this, by the article of dropfy falling from above one thoufand annually to nine hundred, and ftill more by the redu&ion of exceftive-drinking from forty to live.

Op

(1) Morbi acuti Deum habent autorem, chronici ipfos nos.

1

\

( 46 )

Of the Weekly Table of Mortality,

• % * * 1

It is not my defign to enter into a detail of all the parti culars deducible from this table. The following: general

D O

refults however are fubmitted to the public, as a fpecimen of the uies to which it may be applied.

1. The whole number of deaths is greateft in January, February, and March ; and lead; in June, July, and AugufL

I believe this is contrary to the received opinion, which may perhaps have been handed down from thofe ages, when the authority of Hippocrates, and Galen, fuperfeded the evi- dence of the cleared: fads (k).

Our table correfponds with the following one from Dr. Short’s obfervations, containing the aggregate of the monthly mortality in London for fifteen years, from 1728 to 1743; which I infert rather than the eleventh table of the fame work, becaufe it affords the additional information of the ages at which the feveral deaths took place, diewing the dif- ferent fluduation at different periods of life.

(k) Celfus, who probably copied it from Hippocrates, fays, tc Igitur faluber- u rimum ver eft ; proxime deinde ab hoc, hiems » periculofior seftas ; autumnus *l longe periculofiftimus.” Lib. II. Cap. 1.

( 47 )

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( 43 )

If we make allowance for the fhortnefs of the month of February, that will appear in fa6t to be the moft fatal of the twelve ( l).

It may be fiffpedfed perhaps at fir ft fight, that much of this ought to be attributed to the greater number of people refident in London during the winter, than in the fummer months. But what then fhall we fay to the following account colledted by Dr. Short from the regifters of five and twenty different country towns in England, including the burials of a great many years? For the refult there alfo is very nearly the fame, making allowance for thofe irregularities, to which fmall communities muff: of neceffity be liable :

January -	- - 16,932	July- - -	- !3>034
February	- - l6,I26	Augufl -	- 1 2,795
March -	- - 17,64 1	September -	- 1 2,999
April	- - 17,67°	October	- 13*629
May	- - 16,618	November -	- i4,°74
June	- - 13,680	December -	- 15,658

The monthly mortality at York agrees ffill more perfe&ly

with what has been obferved of London, I he annexed

Table,

(!) The bills being fent in every week makes the monthly mortality necefTariiy liable to fome uncertainty. For, the fame month which one year contains five weeks, may in the next contain only four. Thefe inaccuracies, which might be confiderable in a comparifon of only two or three years, will diminifh in propor- tion to the number of years which are eftimated together.

( 49 )

t

Table, publifhed by Dr. White, fhews the number of burials in that city during feven years :

Jan. - 320 Apr. - 277 July - 220 061. - 237

Feb. - 282 May - 265 Aug. - 237 Nov. - 230

Mar.' - 316 June - 274 Sept. - 225 Dec. - 292

The truth of thefe obfervations is moreover confirmed by the registers kept at Edinburgh, and in Paris, and throughout the kingdom of Sweden (mj.

On the other hand, at Marfeilles, and at Montpellier, the monthly mortality is ftated to vary as follows (n) :

	Marfeilles.	Montpellier.
January - -	- 1,801	1 1 CO
February - -	- M97 -	- - 77 4
March - -	- i,7°4 -	- - 696
April - -	1,681	- - 694
May -	- i,5°4 -	- - 6 73
June -	- 1,465 -	- - . 769
July - -	1,881	- - 1,038
Auguft - -	- 1,849 -	* - 1,114
September -	- I>725 -	- - 1,100
O6tober -	- 1,668 -	- - 1,093
November -	- 1 »765 -	- - 1,040
December -	- 1,659 -	- - 950

Is

(m) Price on Revcrfionary Payments, Vol.II. p. 271. 5th edit, where obferve that the words former and latter are tranfpofed.

(n) Mem. de la Soc. Roy. de Medicine, ann. 1777 & 1781.

H

t

( 5° )

Is the difference between this table and the former, occafioned by the different temperature of the places, from whence the accounts are drawn? In very cold climates, it is obvious that the coldefl part of the year is the feafon mofl to be appre- hended. For increafe the cold but a little, and it becomes quite inconfiflent with human life. But all the accounts we-

, i

have of places luffering from exceflive heat, agree in deferr- ing the autumn as the time of their greatefl mortality. Now, it is reafonable to fuppofe with regard to temperature, as in mofl other things, that fome degree of heat intermediate be- tween thefe extremes mufl be mofl congenial to the human frame ; and that as any climate approaches nearer to the one, or the other limit, it will naturally partake more of their refpe&ive inconveniences. This mufl not be fo underflood, as if it were meant to preclude the operation of other caufes. Many circumflances peculiar to particular fituations, will no doubt often have a much fuperior influence in determining their falubrity, or unwholefomenefs. Still, where thefe are equal, there is fome ground to believe that the effe£ls before mentioned do in fa6t take place*

2. Under two years of age, there die mofl either in January February and March, or elfe in September and Odlober.

It fhould be noticed that baptifms, and I prefume births, are ufually more numerous in the beginning of the year, than in the fubfequent parts of it ; as appears from the concurrent teflimony of the London Bills (n*J9. and of thofe

kept

( n *) Short’s Obf. p. 176.

( 51 )

kept in various parts of the country foj, and from the regifters of the whole kingdom of Sweden (p).

This, if we refleft on the great mortality among children in the fird two or three months from their birth, will in fome meafure account for the excefs of their burials in the early part of the year. But when the number again increafes in September and 06tober, I apprehend that may truly be looked upon as the feafon more efpecially prejudicial to young children. It is at this time that bowel complaints are mod prevalent in perfons of all ages ( p * ) ; and when it is conbdered how large a part they conditute of the difeafes of infants, it feems by no means improbable that the general caufe fhould be capable of producing this particular eff e<5l.

3. Of thofe aged above fixty years, by much the greated number die in the colded months, and the fewed in the middle of dimmer.

• 1 1

There can be little doubt but this ought to be attributed to the degree of cold. For univerfally old people, above all others, are mod lendbly affe&ed by it.

How much they differ from children in this refpe&, cannot be fhewn more evidently than by a comparifon of their re-

fpedlive

(0) Short’s Obf. p. 142. (p) price on Rever. Payments, Vol. II. p. 271.

(P*) See p. 54.

H 2

( 52 )

fpe&ive numbers during the correfponding months of January „ 1795 and 1796. For of thefe two fucceflive winters, the month of January has in one inftance been the coldeft, and in the other the warmed:, of which any regular account has ever been kept In this country. The following Table exhibits at one view the mean height of Fahrenheit’s thermometer in London for each week of the two years, together with the whole number of deaths, the deaths of perfons above fixty years old, and the deaths of children under two years

1 7 9 5- \ _		1 7 9 6.
f Week ending	Mean Heat. )	Whole N° of Deaths.	Aged above 60.	Under z lYears.	r Week ending	Mean Heat.	Whole No ef Deaths.	Aged above 60.	h Under z Years.
	Morn. Noon.		\			Morn. Noon.
6 Jan.	2S°— 29°	244	51	66	5 Jan.	4O0 — 46° v	300	35	IOO
X3 Jan-	26° — 320	532	i39	129	12 Jan.	4*° — 49°	273	37	87
20 Jan.	240— 30°	637	*45	1 41	19 Jan*	48°— 53°	313	29	1 *3
27 Jan.	i>9°— 27 0	543	i43	128	2 6 Jan.	47° — 5 2°	257	20	96
3 Feb.	25° — 37°	867	239	153	2 Feb.	4i°— 49°	328	32	1 10
Total ,	23°— 29°-4	1,323	7i7	6 17	Total	43°-5—5o0-1	1,47 1	153	506 1

From hence it appears, Firft, that old perfons are affe&ed by the cold much fooner than children ; for in the very frffc, week of 1795, the proportion they bear to. the whole number

of

I

( 53 )

of deaths is very nearly twice as great as in the fucceeding year. Secondly, that while the mortality of the aged was five times greater in one year than in the other, the number of infants dying in the firft year exceeded thofe in the fecond by only one-fifth part. So that the ratio of their refpective increafe was as five-and-twenty to one (q).

It may be thought fatisfa&ory to add, that the different: mortality in the two years from which this comparifon is drawn, cannot be accounted for from any accidental fluctu- ation of the number of people refident in London, nor from . any irregularity in the bills themfelves. On either of thefe fuppofitions, the chrifienings mufl have undergone a correr iponding rife and fall ; but they, during the fame five weeks,

. neither exceeded their ufual number in the one cafe, nor fell fhort of it in the other. In 1 795, they, amounted in this > time to 1,622; and in 1796,10 1,650.

' * • < ) , < 1 4 f #. v / 1 1 1 . , r. , : -f , .

4. The number of deaths by palfies and apoplexies is in this country always greatefl in winter.

This is probably becaufe it is a difeafe of old age, and is • confequently increafed, and diminifhed, by the fame caufes, which influence the general mortality at that time of life. At Marfeilles, not only the whole number of deaths, but thofe

alfo

(q) Some farther account of the effefts of cold may be feen in the Philofophicai Tranfa&ions for the year 1796, p. 279.

*

C. 54 )

alfo occafioned by apoplexies and palfies, .are greateft in the

« * *

fummerfrj.

. * . ' y #

Consumptive people are of courfe fufferers by cold ; and though they ’are not fo foon affefted from this caufe as the afthmatic and aged, yet their numbers in the bills are always greateft in the cold months* 4

6. However the number of bowel complaints have been leftened within the laft hundred years, we ftill find them moft frequent in September and Odlober*

In all hot countries thefe diforders are obferved to be more common, and more violent, than they are with us ; and here in England they are moft prevalent after the hotteft fummers. This was the cafe in 1762, and again in 1789, 1790, and 1800. The time of year alfo when they principally occur in all climates, concurs to indicate fome connexion fubfift- ing between them and the ftate of the atmofphere. But what this is; whether the heat a6t thus upon the human body by occafioning inflammation, or relaxation, whether by profufe, or by morbid fecretions, or by what other means, I confefs myfelf unable to explain ; notwithftanding the many pleafant theories about the nature of the bile, with which the books on Weft Indian difeafes in particular are filed.

7. The remaining difeafes, of which an account has been taken in the Table, feem to have no certain increafe or de-

creafe.

(r) Mem. de la Soc. Roy. de Med. 1777.

( 55 )

4

> creafe. The meafles and fmall pox are exceedingly various, and without any apparent relation to the temperature, moifture, or other fenfible qualities of the feafons. The fame is in general true of fevers, with this exception, that in long and fevere winters they are certainly more numerous, for reafons which have been explained elfewher z(sj. Many

poor families at fuch times being reduced to the neceffity of

%

fhutting themfelves up, perhaps feveral together, in a fmall room, where they can afford to burn little or no fire, and where their beft defence againfi: the rigor of the leafon is to preclude as much as pofiible all accefs to the external air.

Convulsions are fo much made up of children’s deaths, that they follow the fame courfe which has been obferved to take place under that article (t).

From the weekly table of mortality we are enabled to eorreCt fome popular errors, which are very generally preva- lent. One